{"id":3093,"date":"2025-04-06T15:45:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T15:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/?p=3093"},"modified":"2025-04-06T15:45:26","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T15:45:26","slug":"assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><sup>1<\/sup>Nazifi B.<br><sup>2<\/sup>Garba M. G.<br><sup>3<\/sup>Ibrahim M.<br><sup>4<\/sup>Adamu A.H.<br><sup>5<\/sup>Abbdullahi M.A. <br><sup>6<\/sup>Alhassan A. <br><sup>7<\/sup>Beli S.A.<br><sup>8<\/sup>Balarabe, M. M.<\/strong><br><sup>1,4,7,8<\/sup> Department of Agricultural Economics, <br>Federal University, Dutsin-ma, Katsina State<br><sup>2<\/sup>Department of Agricultural Ext. and Rural Development<br>Federal Universi`ty, Dutsin-ma, Katsina State<br><sup>5<\/sup>Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness<br>Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.<br>Department of Agric. Econs. &amp; Ext. <br>Aliko Dangote Uni. of Sc. &amp; Tech., Wudil, Kano<br><sup>2<\/sup>Department of Animal Science, <br>Federal University, Dutsin-ma, Katsina State<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study assessed profitability of livestock marketing under cash-based and cashless transaction systems in some selected markets in Katsina State, Nigeria. The study analyzed the data collected from a multi-stage randomly sampled 366 marketers of livestock. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and marketing margin analysis. The result showed that livestock marketers are predominantly males (100%) and married (96.45%) of which most of them have formal education (Above 70%). Result also showed that marketers have an average age of almost 47 years and a household size average of 12 persons. Majority (76.5%) of the livestock marketers engaged in cashless transaction in the study area. The Study findings revealed profitability of livestock marketing regardless of animal type and transaction system in the study area. More profit was realized in marketing of cattle and goat under cashless marketing transaction system, while sheep marketing generated higher profit under cash-based transaction system. The study therefore recommended the use of cashless transaction system among marketer however, subsequent government policy shall aimed at reducing transaction cost involve in the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Cashless, Transaction, Cash-based, Marketing, Livestock, Profitability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2025-UJM-Vol-4-No.1-31.03.2025-128-138.pdf\">DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT IN PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1Nazifi B.2Garba M. G.3Ibrahim M.4Adamu A.H.5Abbdullahi M.A. 6Alhassan A. 7Beli S.A.8Balarabe, M. M.1,4,7,8 Department of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[221,224,223,103,222],"class_list":["post-3093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marketing","tag-cash-based","tag-cashless","tag-livestock","tag-marketing","tag-transaction"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1Nazifi B.2Garba M. G.3Ibrahim M.4Adamu A.H.5Abbdullahi M.A. 6Alhassan A. 7Beli S.A.8Balarabe, M. M.1,4,7,8 Department of [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Uniben Journal of Marketing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"694\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"osaifo.osigo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"osaifo.osigo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"osaifo.osigo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8903c98a98c5ec11dbae639c35bbd06\"},\"headline\":\"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":276,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cash-based\",\"Cashless\",\"Livestock\",\"Marketing\",\"Transaction\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Marketing\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/\",\"name\":\"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg\",\"width\":1640,\"height\":648,\"caption\":\"UJM volume 4 Number 1 banner\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/06\\\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/\",\"name\":\"Uniben Journal of Marketing\",\"description\":\"Leaders in Marketing Education ISSN: 2814-1490\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Uniben Journal of Marketing\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/cropped-image_2023-07-02_200331926.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/cropped-image_2023-07-02_200331926.png\",\"width\":94,\"height\":93,\"caption\":\"Uniben Journal of Marketing\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8903c98a98c5ec11dbae639c35bbd06\",\"name\":\"osaifo.osigo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"osaifo.osigo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ujm.com.ng\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/osaifo-osigo\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing","og_description":"1Nazifi B.2Garba M. G.3Ibrahim M.4Adamu A.H.5Abbdullahi M.A. 6Alhassan A. 7Beli S.A.8Balarabe, M. M.1,4,7,8 Department of [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/","og_site_name":"Uniben Journal of Marketing","article_published_time":"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1640,"height":694,"url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"osaifo.osigo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"osaifo.osigo","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/"},"author":{"name":"osaifo.osigo","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#\/schema\/person\/c8903c98a98c5ec11dbae639c35bbd06"},"headline":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria","datePublished":"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/"},"wordCount":276,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg","keywords":["Cash-based","Cashless","Livestock","Marketing","Transaction"],"articleSection":["Marketing"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/","url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/","name":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria - Uniben Journal of Marketing","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg","datePublished":"2025-04-06T15:45:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-06T15:45:26+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mkt-vol-4-e1743959977101.jpg","width":1640,"height":648,"caption":"UJM volume 4 Number 1 banner"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/2025\/04\/06\/assessment-of-the-profitability-of-livestock-marketing-under-cash-based-and-cashless-transaction-systems-in-katsina-state-nigeria\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Assessment of the Profitability of Livestock Marketing Under Cash Based and Cashless Transaction Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/","name":"Uniben Journal of Marketing","description":"Leaders in Marketing Education ISSN: 2814-1490","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#organization","name":"Uniben Journal of Marketing","url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cropped-image_2023-07-02_200331926.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cropped-image_2023-07-02_200331926.png","width":94,"height":93,"caption":"Uniben Journal of Marketing"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/#\/schema\/person\/c8903c98a98c5ec11dbae639c35bbd06","name":"osaifo.osigo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/302e2ae575f5df3be608e8ca7b0ed8f384fe5ed64b9f1144e3a991f2b34f3ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"osaifo.osigo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ujm.com.ng"],"url":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/author\/osaifo-osigo\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3093"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3116,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093\/revisions\/3116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujm.com.ng\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}